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Standard : Flow-based metrics are used to guide delivery improvements

Purpose and Strategic Importance

This standard ensures that teams use flow-based metrics to continuously evaluate and improve their delivery performance. Metrics such as cycle time, lead time, throughput, and work in progress (WIP) enable teams to identify bottlenecks, reduce waste, and make informed decisions based on real delivery data.

It supports our policies to “Make Continuous Improvement a Delivery Habit” and “Design Delivery Systems for Flow” by grounding improvement efforts in tangible evidence. Without this, improvement becomes subjective, disconnected from real delivery outcomes, and unlikely to produce sustainable results.

Strategic Impact

  • Provides objective data to identify and address delivery constraints
  • Enhances predictability and confidence in planning
  • Enables data-informed decisions at team and system level
  • Accelerates feedback and learning through visibility of delivery health
  • Encourages proactive, systemic improvements over reactive fixes

Risks of Not Having This Standard

  • Improvement efforts lack focus or rely on anecdotal evidence
  • Bottlenecks go undetected and compound over time
  • Teams cannot assess whether changes are improving flow
  • Delivery issues are discovered too late to act on effectively
  • Stakeholders have low visibility into delivery health and progress

CMMI Maturity Model

Level 1 – Initial

Category Description
People & Culture - Teams rely on intuition or status updates rather than delivery data.
- Improvement conversations are informal and inconsistent.
Process & Governance - No standard metrics are collected to assess delivery health.
- Improvement is reactive and driven by immediate issues.
Technology & Tools - No use of delivery analytics or metric tooling.
Measurement & Metrics - Flow metrics are not tracked or discussed.

Level 2 – Managed

Category Description
People & Culture - Teams begin capturing basic flow data (e.g. completed work items).
- Some use of metrics in retrospectives or reviews.
Process & Governance - Key metrics like throughput or cycle time are discussed periodically.
- Improvements may be loosely tied to delivery observations.
Technology & Tools - Basic reporting is enabled through agile tools or manual tracking.
Measurement & Metrics - Metrics are tracked for reference, but not consistently analysed.

Level 3 – Defined

Category Description
People & Culture - Teams routinely review flow data to identify improvement opportunities.
- There is shared ownership of delivery performance.
Process & Governance - Teams use metrics to guide retrospectives and improvement experiments.
- WIP limits, batch size, and variability are actively managed.
Technology & Tools - Tools like Jira, Azure Boards, or custom dashboards are used for flow analytics.
Measurement & Metrics - Metrics are visualised and used to compare trends and outcomes over time.

Level 4 – Quantitatively Managed

Category Description
People & Culture - Teams use metric insights to adjust processes in real time.
- Leadership supports metric‑driven decision‑making.
Process & Governance - Improvement hypotheses are based on metric patterns and validated by results.
- Metrics inform strategic choices like team composition or workflow design.
Technology & Tools - Automated data collection and dashboarding provide near real‑time insights.
Measurement & Metrics - Metrics like lead time, cycle time, WIP, and throughput are tracked, benchmarked, and acted upon.

Level 5 – Optimising

Category Description
People & Culture - Teams reflect on and evolve metrics to suit changing contexts.
- Flow data informs technical, organisational, and product decisions.
Process & Governance - Flow metrics are used to align across teams and improve systemic delivery.
- Metrics are part of forecasting, capacity planning, and risk assessment.
Technology & Tools - Advanced analytics, alerts, and predictive insights support continuous optimisation.
Measurement & Metrics - Flow efficiency, blocker time, and improvement impact are actively monitored and optimised.

Key Measures

  • Average cycle time and trend over time
  • Lead time from commitment to value delivery
  • Throughput by team or value stream
  • WIP levels and adherence to limits
  • % of improvements informed by flow metrics
  • Delivery predictability and flow efficiency
Associated Policies
Associated Practices
  • Visual Delivery Boards
  • Team and Portfolio Health Dashboards
  • Incremental Delivery of Value
  • Flow Metrics for Delivery Health
  • Improvement Experiments as Work
  • Minimising Work in Progress (WIP)

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