Building foundational engineering skills and professional habits under close guidance, with a focus on learning, delivery, and growing into independent contribution.

Delivering independently on well-defined tasks, building technical depth and professional habits, with growing contribution to team quality and code review.

Delivering features end-to-end with minimal guidance, contributing to technical design, and beginning to share knowledge and raise standards across the team.

Owning complex technical deliverables, setting the quality bar for the team, shaping technical direction, and developing the engineers around them.

Technical authority across a domain or stream, driving standards adoption, shaping engineering strategy, and developing senior engineers - the gateway between deep IC work and engineering leadership.

The first leadership role in the engineering pathway - accountable for the technical delivery and day-to-day wellbeing of a single team, balancing hands-on technical contribution with people leadership.

Shapes the health, performance, and culture of engineering across value streams - leading through technical leaders rather than managing engineers directly.

Defines and governs the technical vision across domains - shaping system design, technology strategy, and engineering standards at organisation scale.

Leads multiple engineering domains, translates business strategy into engineering capability, and develops the Engineering Managers and leaders within their scope.

Executive engineering leader - accountable for the engineering organisation's capability, culture, and strategic direction in alignment with business goals.